“Masks, Poses, Facades, Deceptions- all are weapons in the battle of life”. - Literature Essay Samples

Throughout ‘An Ideal Husband’, the â€Å"battle of life† is portrayed in numerous ways by numerous different characters. For example. Robert Chiltern deceives those around him by selling a cabinet secret, and Mrs Cheveley wears the mask of good intentions when in reality she only wants to make money. The only common denominator is the fact that the characters in the play all lie and deceive others for their own benefit. Sir Robert Chiltern’s use of deception in the play is by far the most high profile out of all the characters. After all his great fortune, of which the play’s setting is largely based around, was all funded by his dishonest method of making money in selling a cabinet secret about the Suez Canal Scheme. This â€Å"swindle† as Mrs Cheveley referred to it, propelled Robert into the Government and founded his reputation as being a true gentleman and valued member of Parliament. In terms of Robert using the swindle to aid him in the â€Å"battle of life†, he speaks to Lord Goring about his life before he met Baron Arnheim. He tells Lord Goring that he had the â€Å"misfortune of being well born and poor† and that Goring â€Å"never knew what ambition was† in the way he did, which would further develop the idea that Chiltern used the medium of deception to make a better life for himself. One could argue that if Chiltern hadn’t taken advantag e of the situation that he found himself in, he would still be in the significantly less reputable position of Under Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs. This whole affair closely relates to elements of the contemporary historical context, as the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, and ‘An Ideal Husband’ was published in 1895, midway through its construction. This would therefore mean that the Canal would have been a popular topic of conversation at the time. The fact that Wilde was using these popular topics in his work further reinforces his stature of being one of the most sought-after conversationalists of his time.The way that scandals such as this have been interpreted has changed over the years, alongside people’s attitudes towards success. In terms of the audience at the time of Wilde’s life, they would have been shocked to see that a so-called gentleman had been so dishonest and selfish. By contrast, in today’s society we have become used to seeing scandals involving people of high society very often. In fact, Robert Chiltern and his actions almost directly relates to the recent insider trading scandal involving Phil Mickelson, the professional golfer who got caught up in such an incident. This somewhat tarnished his reputation as he lost multiple lucrative sponsors and the respect of many of his admirers. Although Robert Never actually got publicly shamed for his actions, the social ‘punishment’ would have been the equivalent to that of Mickelson.Mrs Cheveley is another character who uses certain poses to succeed in life. At the very start of Act One, she describes being natural as â€Å"such a difficult pose to keep up†. This implies that her entire persona is based around her being phony towards others, but she won’t change her ways because that is not who she is. In many ways this makes her very similar to Robert, in the way that she was born poor but full of ambition. This idea is developed when she speaks to Lord Goring about why she got engaged with him, as she justifies it simply by saying â€Å"I was poor; you were rich.† By speaking in such terms, this tells the audience that she is not a loving or friendly person, but simply a pragmatic one, who has no qualms with deceiving others. It is this feature of her character which most likely made Goring fall in love with her; he is a romantic. Wilde played on the notion of ‘opposites attract’ here. This emphasizes that Mrs Cheveley doesn’t care about people’s feelings or trust; just that she succeeds. Further evidence can be seen in the way she almost tears apart the Chilterns’ marriage, just so that she can force Robert to advertise the Argentine Canal Scheme in Parliament and make her a profit on her investment. Interestingly, Wilde was perhaps airing his own political views about the authenticity of the Argentine Canal Scheme. In the 19th Century, Women were expected to marry in their early twenties, not with the view of sexual desire, but with one of maternal desire instead. Furthermore, they were certainly not expected to be the ones in society who earn the money. Mrs Cheveley contradicts all of these stereotypes because in every relationship that she has in the play, positive or negative, she is the one in control, which would have most probably shocked men at the time of writing, but empowered women. For example, although her relationship with Robert Chiltern turned sour, she is still the person who is telling him what to do. A key example of this is found when Mrs Cheveley first admits to Robert Chiltern that she knows about his secret. He is about to stand up and leave, before Wilde writes in the stage directions that she â€Å"detains† him, as if he were in a prison, and she had the key. This is Mrs Cheveley’s â€Å"weapon†, and she uses it to try and better her own life by gain ing an advantage over Robert. This idea about being a in a prison directly relates to Wilde’s life, as he spent two years (1895-1897) sentenced to hard labour for being a homosexual. In this sense we can clearly see that it is Wilde who shares certain similarities with Sir Robert Chiltern, based on the fact that they both kept some secrets which would have defamed them. The only difference is that Chiltern seems to get away with it more, whereas Wilde didn’t. I believe that these differences in outcomes between Wilde and Chiltern was Wilde portraying what he hoped would happen in terms of his secrets being found out. In my view this is where the title of the play comes from, but more significantly the word â€Å"Ideal†, as these were the â€Å"ideal† outcomes that Wilde wished for when his secret got found out; that it all turns out alright for him in the end.Perhaps the only character in the entirety of the play to use deceit in a relatively noble way is Lord Goring, when he tricks Mr s Cheveley into displaying that the Brooch that she left at the Chilterns’ house is not hers. For instance, he draws Mrs Cheveley into lying by saying the brooch was a â€Å"present†, and then quickly traps her within her own deceit by informing her that he gave it to his cousin as a gift ten years ago. Now that Cheveley couldn’t escape the truth, as she was both trapped inside Goring’s house, and trapped with the Brooch on her arm, she had no choice but to hand over the letter which so incriminated Robert over. This act of deceit aided Goring in numerous ways, all of which could be considered as being for the side of ‘good’ over ‘evil’. For example, it ridded him of Mrs Cheveley, which paved the way for him to propose to the woman whom he truly loved in Mabel Chiltern, and it subsequently allowed Robert to take Goring back as his â€Å"closest friend†. In Wilde’s mind, he was very much like Goring, in the way that he lied for a good cause, rather than to gain an advantage on somebody else. The similarities between Wilde and Goring’s character are so similar, this notion is hard to ignore. For instance, they can both be considered ‘dandies’, they are both great believers in aestheticism and they both often spoke in paradoxical ways. In the Second Act of ‘An Ideal Husband’, Goring says â€Å"Nobody is incapable of doing a foolish thing. Nobody is incapable of doing a wrong thing.† This outlines Wilde’s views on using methods such as deceit for a person’s own self benefit as being perfectly valid, and that so long as it helps them, they are not going to consider their own actions as being foolish.Overall, Wilde presents methods such as masks, poses facades and deceptions as weapons in the battle of life throughout the play, however the key examples of this lie with Robert Ch iltern, Mrs Cheveley, and Lord Goring. Robert Chiltern used the weapon of deception and dishonesty to become wealthier and more reputable. Mrs Cheveley used the pose of being â€Å"natural† to get herself into a position to manipulate Robert, and she deceived Lord Goring into thinking that she loved him when in reality she loved his wealth. Furthermore, she tried to deceive Lord Goring again when he showed Mrs Cheveley the stolen Brooch, however he was not fooled and deceived her himself, so as to save both his friend and his love life.

Controlling Managing Hiv/Aids In Prisons. Hiv/Aids Is

Controlling Managing HIV/AIDS in Prisons HIV/AIDS is a serious health threat for prison populations, and presents significant challenges for prison management to control. In prison populations around the world, the prevalence of HIV is often higher than that of the general population. In some cases, the prevalence of HIV infection in prisons is up to a hundred times higher than in the community. Even in countries with large heterosexual HIV epidemics, such as in Africa, studies have shown that rates of HIV infection in prisons are higher than outside of prisons (Avert, 2007). The prison population is at high risk for HIV infection, particularly through the sharing of contaminated needles and sexual activity. In a shocking study that was†¦show more content†¦Problems like these within the prison system are very difficult to overcome, and in doing so they may need to risk the vulnerability of admitting items that can be used by the inmates to harm each other. Sexual activity conducted between inmates in prisons Sexual activity in the prisons is a behavior conducted by the prisoners that is not uncommon even though they are forbidden under prison rules. Sexual activity in prisons varies from consensual to non-consensual. The problem here is that there are homosexuals that are having sexual relationships with each other and are risking the prevalence of transmitting the HIV if one is infected. In addition, prostitution and trading sex from drugs are also reasons that sexual activity is conducted between inmates. One of the most talked about reason for sexual activity between inmates is rape, prison rape in not only physically and psychologically damaging, but a formidable challenge for the correctional department to attempt to secure basic human rights within the correctional institutions. According to Struckman and Johnson, â€Å"In the Midwestern states in 2000, prisoner’s likeliness of experiencing some pressure or coerced sexual conduct while incarcerated was one- in –five.† Needle sharing The fact is that needle sharing is common inside of prison and outside of prison for individuals to inject drugs. In a study that was conducted by Stephens at el. (2006),Show MoreRelatedHealth Care Around The Globe1556 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical field are trained around the world as they visit medical schools internationally and serve out of the country. They have also been known to voluntarily provide aid to countries dealing with natural disasters. According to the text, â€Å"Cubans no longer suffer from diphtheria, rubella, polio, measles, and have the lowest AIDS rate in the Americas†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Merino 2012, 87). There are other things discussed in the chapter, but these are the main high points covered. The Cost of Health Care   Ã‚  Ã‚   ThisRead MoreVulnerable Population Paper2555 Words   |  11 Pagescharacterize students, employees, patients in emergency rooms, and institutionalized persons. Vulnerability depends on context or circumstances. (Porter, 1996). A vulnerable population who one may not consider is prisoners. This paper will focus on the prison population, the description of prisoners, health and social problems, and community and nursing interventions. Ethical implications and current strategies to break the cycle of vulnerability will also be addressed. 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Social Learning Theory Essay examples - 1793 Words

The paper will focus on the application of the social learning theory through the use of video games that incorporate moral choices into their design. In this paper, I will first describe what the social learning theory is and its implications. I will discuss findings that pertain to the social learning theory and through violent television and operant conditioning from violent video games. I will also explore studies focusing on the impact of moral choices in video games on decision making and moral disengagement. From the data, I will determine my own hypothesis as well as a methodical experiment relevant to the focus of this paper. The social learning theory, as proposed by Albert Bandura (1977), describes how new knowledge can be†¦show more content†¦This longitudinal study assessed their behavior from an age range of five to fifteen years old. It was found that those exposed to an excessive amount of violent programming were more likely to commit criminal activity and d evelop anti social personality disorder in their early adulthood. Several factors, including socioeconomic status and parental background, were controlled to ensure little other stimuli contributed to the findings. These results correlate highly with the social learning theory on aggressive behavior. Those exposed to substantial violence and aggression were likely to imitate it later on in life. However, while an observational study can elicit enlightening results, they do not provide much on practical, empirical evidence. What the researchers did was observe behavior exhibited by the individuals they studied; they did not control the amount of violence the individuals were being exposed nor were they preventing others from being exposed to such programming. Thus, this study can not be deemed as an â€Å"experiment†. While they tried eliminating the lurking variables that may plague the results of their findings, it would be impossible to eliminate every possible influence ot her than the television exposure through an observational study. In another study, researchers observed whether operant conditioning could take place from exposure to violence in video games (Carnagey Anderson, 2005).Show MoreRelatedObservational And Social Learning Theory Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesActivity #1: Observational/Social Learning Theory The purpose of this paper is to discuss the validity of the Observational/Social Learning Theory. I will investigate what the observational/social learning theory is and its use in an everyday classroom environment. I will also relate this learning theory to any relevant Saint Leo core values. What is the observational/social learning theory? 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Literature Coursework Essay Example For Students

Literature Coursework Essay Focusing on language, structure and character comment on how he manages it. In the play, An inspector calls by J. B. Priestley there are great similarities and differences in which both relate from the time the play was set, time it was written in and now, the time it is viewed in. The relations between all go from something as little to how things happened to things as big as war in the world and how ironic things are. Some of the issues that are going to be discussed are; Status that people have in there community and how important it is, the fact that war is still going on when at the time the play was set war would not have been thought to ever happen again, classes and how they play a big part in peoples lives and about the big things that happen in a certain era have huge effects on public moods and whether they relate in anyway to the other eras involved. The relations that are going to be looked at arent just what the years 1912, 1945and 2005 have in common but the comparisons that can be made about all too. John Boynton Priestley was born in 1894 and died in 1984. He had always had a passion for writing but never decided to take things further by going to University while he was young. It was after being at war that he went to Cambridge University and gained a degree. He started writing articles, essays and novels and his first play was written in 1932, thats 13 years before An inspector calls was written. Priestley had lived through two of the main wars in the world therefore he had great knowledge of the opinions that people had both before 1912 and after. He fought through the 1st one and escaped death numerous times but during the 2nd he broadcast his own radio station to the worried public. However it was cancelled early on because of his strong political views and certain people were not happy to hear his opinions on the government at the time and key issues he was concerned with. The issues he were concerned with are brought into the play in many ways; inequality in Britain, how people should stop thinking property and power and start thinking creation and community, respect for people no matter who they are or their background and the status that people had and what was thought of them. This statement made by Priestley sums up his beliefs in one, A man is a member of a community and the fact he is a member of a community immensely enlarges stature and increases his opportunities. But as well as being a member of a community a man is also a person, a unique individual and it is in fact the business of the community not simply to glorify but to produce better persons. To enrich its individual sphere. Its a very strong statement used to firmly show how he thinks. All of the above beliefs are clearly shown in the play and are greatly linked to each other. At first I personally thought that Priestly sounded to be a not so nice man but as I gathered more information I discovered he was a great man who had good strong beliefs and tried to make a difference as shown in the play. I was proved to be very wrong and have changed my opinion on how to portray Priestley. 1912 was a year that nobody would have liked to live in. It was full of war, put downs in society, strong distinction between upper and lower classes, a year in which no woman had a life of her own but one of what a man said, and the year that the impossible happened .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .postImageUrl , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:hover , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:visited , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:active { border:0!important; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:active , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry and Schizophrenia Essayknown as the unsinkable which happened to sink. A quote taken from Stephen Daldry about this time was, Theres no society. These three simple words described it in one and were a good way of putting it. 1912 and 2005 dont have many similarities but do have a lot to compare. The things to compare are how class situation and the place of a woman in society have changed. Nowadays women have a big say in what happens as they have the vote and have good jobs but back in them days women were told what to do and had no say. This is reflected in the play as Arthur Burling mainly takes the lead and as his wife tries to get involved he takes over and in some way pushes her to the side. Clearly showing he is the one in charge and putting her in what he thinks is her place. He also does the same to his daughter as he doesnt want her involved with any of the business to do with the inspector, therefore when he finds out she is a big part of it gets a bit annoyed and some would say maybe jealous. These situations would rarely be found happening today as many women would stand up for themselves and not take any nonsense. Another thing that was thought to bring people happiness back then was wealth and fortune. Many people believed if you had these then you were set for a happy life and have no troubles. Arthur Burling and his family would have thought that too until the inspector turned up, and at that moment they would have maybe began to question whether it was right and whether money could bring you happiness. Today that thought is still around for some people but many do think happiness cannot be bought. In 1945 a lot of people were depressed after six years of war, two bombs were dropped on Japan killing many people and there was a lot of mixed emotion and controversy about what was to be done for the society next. However, a more positive result of war ending brought a result of class distinctions being greatly reduced, women having a more known position in society and being given more chances and value and also there was a great desire for social change with peoples status and a new government to be Labour to change all this. Every person was given new chances with no exception no matter their background War had broken boundaries and walls between classes down as said by Stephen Daldry. As this is the year that Priestley wrote An inspector calls he will have had all these things in mind and a lot more. His ideas will have reflected the public moods and after yet another war his feelings from the 1st war will have come back having a great influence on what he was to write about i. e. An inspector calls being written at that time but yet being set in 1912.